William James (1892), philosopher, psychologist, and geologist was the first person to identify self-esteem as a psychological concept. James identified multiple dimensions of the self with two levels of hierarchy: processes of understanding (called the "I-self") as well as the resulting knowledge about self (the "Me-self"). James states that the self is constructed through three kinds of knowledge that include self-observation and the storage of these experiences by the Iself and the resulting knowledge about self. They are the material self, social self, and spiritual self. Social self is the closest to self-esteem and includes the traits that are acknowledged by others. The material self comprises representations of the body, possessions and the spiritual self, which comprises descriptions and judgments about the self. Self-esteem today is defined as the sum of an individual's attitude towards themselves.
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